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一夜火车，两个人稍显困顿，火车晚点，原本7点左右到站的，都七点半了也没有进站的趋势，于是我们开始了神智不清的各种推测：“难道这趟火车不停站而是选择到站自行跳车吗？”“啊，不是吧，空降？...”逛吃逛吃逛吃逛吃的我们终于到达嘉兴站！天空飘着蒙蒙细雨，钻进鼻腔的空气清透凉爽，南方的冷果然是有质感的，是一种近乎玻璃一样通透的湿凉。在火车站迷糊了一会决定打车去乌镇，司机大叔显得有点酷，不怎么讲话，没睡醒的我们也显得不是那么精神。打车的发票被留下来了，111元，尽管有点小贵，但~四十分钟左右终于来到了西栅游客服务中心！我们已经瞅到了乌镇的样子！于是属于北方汉子专有的吃惊出现了，南方的冬天还有这么多绿色哇，柳树竟然像是初春的样子耶，花儿明明就是含苞待放的状态嘛！！接着是一顿疯狂拍照，恨不得翻滚在绿色草地上！如果说南方的冬天如一位亭亭玉立的少女，那么北方的冬天完全就是一个聪明绝顶的老头了([]
最新章节： 第521章 母其弥雅 （ 2024-06-04 08:48:53）
更新时间： 2024-06-04 08:59:51
- 第1章 生僻字
- 第2章 南方温暖历史罕见
- 第3章 海贼王
- 第4章 汇源果汁或将退市
- 第5章 如棋
- 第6章 东方神起成员恋情
- 第7章 幸福三重奏
- 第8章 冒险岛特斯拉
- 第9章 黑人问号球星求婚
- 第10章 剑王朝
- 第11章 剑灵
- 第12章 从前有座灵剑山
- 第13章 三国演义
- 第14章 于正评价大明风华
- 第15章 中超
- 第16章 第三调解室
- 第17章 该忘了
- 第18章 武僧一龙特朗普变身灭霸
- 第19章 我的世界
- 第20章 高以翔女友发文
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 45327 章节
- 第549章 冬至
- 第550章 大明风华
- 第551章 QQ可显示对方电量订单藏无声呼救
- 第552章 水浒传
- 第553章 遮天3
- 第554章 这样唱好美
- 第555章 郑爽比尔盖茨客串美剧
- 第556章 张咪抗癌成功
- 第557章 杨幂
- 第558章 斗战狂潮4
- 第559章 mg
- 第560章 思域
- 第561章 奇葩说6
- 第562章 天龙八部
- 第563章 苹果高管薪酬下降
- 第564章 鞠婧祎
- 第565章 剑来2
- 第566章 冰雪奇缘2
- 第567章 于正评价大明风华
- 第568章 炉石传说
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蔡嘉梅终于下决心开贴了，这次旅行回来已经一年多了，最近事情比较多，自己也对码字很头疼，今天浏览一番去年的旅游照片，再不写点东西，有些事情的细节可能就会遗忘了。 喜欢旅游的人，对欧洲是很向往的，10多年之前已经去过二次，一次是单位的福利，走马观花的15天10多个国家，稀里糊涂的就结束了旅行。第二次是陪老妈跟旅行团去的，摆脱不了上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景区拍照，回来啥也不知道的结局。现在岁数大了，有时间国内国外的到处走走看看，这几年也走过不少地方，感觉欧洲还是值得再次深度旅游。 要想玩的好，那绝对不能跟旅游团，自己去的话，行程安排就是个头疼的事情，欧洲那么大，几乎每个角落都有可看可玩的地方，放弃任何地方都是可惜的事，一次玩遍欧洲的话，是件很费力的大事。对着地图研究了很长时间，分两次玩遍欧洲是最好的选择，一次是从最南边的土耳其开始，一路北下，贯穿欧洲到最北边的北极圈。一次是以欧洲中部为主由东到西的环游，每次时间计划在60天左右。 游遍欧洲的旅游计划行程确定好了，让老婆选择先行路线，最后确定先走环游欧洲路线，交通工具是在德国法兰克福租车自驾。 路线确定下来，下面就是证买机票订旅店和租车，这些事情，有很多贴写的很详细，我就不再啰嗦，值得重点说的是，我们去欧洲的机票是北京经俄罗斯中转到法兰克福，已经到了俄罗斯了，为何不办一个俄罗斯过境，顺道去俄罗斯玩一次。申请德证完成后，又成功申请了俄罗斯二次过境证，每次不超过72小时。最后的行程是这样的： 北京出发,法兰克福进出，飞机在莫斯科经停,顺路先去俄罗斯的圣彼得堡.然后到德国的法兰克福,在法兰克福租车，先去海德堡,维尔茨堡，走一段古堡之路，主要游览德国南部众多的古堡和小镇。随后到达布拉格，游玩东欧匈牙利,捷克,斯洛伐克三国。后进奥地利维也纳。再反走阿尔卑斯之路，沿途欣赏色彩浓郁的阿尔卑斯山风光,在起伏平缓的丘陵地带，峻峭的山峰、绿色的森林、古老的乡村、浪漫的山谷,还有迷人的”世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特.随后再次进入德国，重温有浓郁色彩的德国小镇和德国巴伐利亚国王的几个皇宫。国王湖和天鹅堡是重点.紧接着就是期盼的瑞士风光，苏黎世进入瑞士，日内瓦出瑞士进入法国，去法国西南部的普罗旺斯看薰衣草，而后去法国著名海滨城市尼斯.沿途游览几个法国城市后直奔西班牙巴塞罗那，观赏马德里附近的几个古镇，流连在各个充满了伊斯兰和古罗马风味的特色城堡。最后去这次的最远端葡萄牙的里斯本。返程途中游览法国西北部海滨城市和卢瓦尔河谷。取道卢森堡到达科隆，走莱茵河谷经科布伦茨到美因茨后回到法兰克福还车。再飞到莫斯科玩2天，最后回北京。预计57天,自驾路线大约1万多公里。路线为：北京—莫斯科—圣彼得堡—莫斯科--法兰克福--海德堡--维尔茨堡--班贝格--纽伦堡--布拉格--布拉迪斯拉发--布达佩斯--维也纳--梅尔克修道院--哈尔施塔特湖--戈绍--萨尔茨堡—国王湖--阿尔卑巴赫—阿亨湖--瓦腾斯水晶--因斯布鲁克---米腾瓦尔德--加米施-帕腾基兴---上阿玛高--林德霍夫宫--普兰湖--菲森--新天鹅堡--列支敦士登--林道--圣加伦--施泰因--苏黎世--卢塞恩--龙疆湖--因特拉肯--劳特布龙嫩--米伦—图恩湖--施皮茨--伯尔尼--马特洪峰--西庸古堡--洛桑--莫尔日--日内瓦--阿纳西--阿维尼翁--薰衣草胜地瓦郎索勒—尼斯--戛纳--马赛--艾克斯--阿尔勒--阿格德--巴塞罗那--萨拉戈萨--马德里—塞哥维亚--阿维拉--托莱多--格拉纳达--科尔多瓦---塞维利亚--梅里达---里斯本--辛特拉--法蒂玛-萨拉曼卡--布尔戈斯--维多利亚--圣塞瓦斯蒂安海滨--比亚里茨--巴约讷---波尔多---图尔--枫丹白露宫--特鲁瓦--卢森堡--科隆--科布伦茨--美因茨--法兰克福—莫斯科—北京。圣彼得堡夏宫莫斯科红场普罗旺斯看薰衣草世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特奥地利瑞士尼斯蔚蓝海滨法国卢瓦尔河谷城堡西班牙葡萄牙 有了行程单，证就很好办，住宿我们都是在BOOKING上提前订好，基本上没有变化。租车提前2个月预定，价格有优势。 这次旅行，两个人总花费包括证在内不到8万元人民币。 出门旅游最大的消费就是交通费，我们欧洲环游是自驾，做好行程后，在网上发帖寻找旅伴，有一对绍兴夫妇与我们一啪即合，同步的申请证与订住宿，四个人完成了整个行程，这样，自驾这部分租车费，汽油费，过路费，存车费等四人均摊，费用自然降下来。 住宿费排名第二，根据各自对住宿条件的喜好程度，费用也参差不齐。我们的住宿平均55欧，基本上是中下水平。 饭费也占相当大的比例，我们自带了电饭煲和电磁炉，大部分是自己做饭。在这么长时间总吃西餐人也会疯的。自己做一些顺口的食物，即能保证营养，费用也下降不少。早餐基本上是稀饭和自带的咸菜，再煎鸡蛋或煮鸡蛋，配面包。中餐基本是自带的面包加火腿和各种涂抹料，配牛奶和果汁与蔬菜。晚餐米饭，自做的一荤一素一汤。葡萄酒每晚一瓶是必不可少的节目，牛排，猪排，鸡，鱼是晚餐的主打菜。感觉与在国内自己做菜的费用相差不大，欧洲人在吃饭上是很便宜啊。简单贴一个我们这次旅行的路线图。从图中可以看出，我们的旅行路线基本上就是中世纪神圣罗马帝国的疆域。去一个地方旅游，应该简单了解一下这些地区的历史和人文及信仰。欧洲的历史比较复杂，但从神圣罗马帝国开始就简单的多。这个神圣罗马帝国与罗马凯撒大帝时期的罗马帝国完全是两码事。神圣罗马帝国全称为德意志民族神圣罗马帝国或日耳曼民族神圣罗马帝国，与962年建立，止于1806年。这是一个松散的政治联邦，由王国、大公国、公国、侯国、宗教贵族领地和帝国自由城市组成，他们承认皇帝为最高权威，但各个王国又独立自主。皇帝由七个选帝侯选举产生。这其实就是现在欧盟的鼻祖。帝国的疆域包括近代的德国、奥地利、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡，瑞士，西班牙，葡萄牙，法国东部、意大利北部和中部。帝国的发展历史也是各诸侯国争夺皇位的历史，从15世纪初起，皇位均由奥地利哈布斯堡家族占据，查理五世（1519～1558）是最具代表性的一位君主。他们的大本营是奥地利，匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克。进入17世纪以后，普鲁士崛起，建立普鲁士王国，随之也就带来了争霸的战争。结局是奥地利哈布斯堡家族惨败。能与神圣罗马帝国相抗衡的只有高卢人，北欧，奥斯曼帝国和欧洲大陆之外的英国。拿破仑的出现打破了这个平衡，16个神圣罗马帝国的成员脱离帝国，加入拿破仑邦联。1806年拿破仑勒令神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗朗茨二世于8月6日放弃神圣罗马帝国皇帝尊号，仅保留奥地利皇帝称号。宣告神圣罗马帝国从此退出历史舞台。1815年，拿破仑战争结束，德意志邦国被并入组织松散的德意志邦联，由奥地利领导。普鲁士新国王威廉一世和卓越的政治家俾斯麦的出现，又一次打破僵局，铁血宰相俾斯麦领导的普鲁士与哈布斯堡家族领导的奥地利展开一场为争夺霸权的普奥战争。站在普鲁士方面的，有梅伦堡、奥尔登堡和北德意志的其他各邦，以及汉堡、不来梅和吕贝克3个自由市和意大利。站在奥地利方面的，有萨克森、汉诺威、巴伐利亚、巴登、符腾堡、黑森一加塞尔、黑森一达姆施塔德和德意志邦联的其他成员国。从大邦国的数量和人口、面积来说，奥地利方面占有优势。但是，从军事实力来说，普鲁士则显然强于对方。但结局是普鲁士大胜，1866年8月23日，奥地利完全退出旧的北德意志联邦。随后的普法战争，普鲁士打败法国，普王威廉一世登基为德国皇帝，德国成为欧陆最强的大国。到此，欧洲各国的格局基本形成。现行的欧盟是不是复辟了过去的神圣罗马帝国我们不得而知，但申根条约的实施却对欧洲大陆的旅游提供了方便。第一天，行程开始。北京机场与绍兴的旅友汇合，洲际航空UN8888 北京 - 莫斯科.起飞0040,到达.0440. 总时长8小时。我们都变成了追日的夸父，由于经纬度的变化，机窗外粉红的彩带一直伴随了我们飞行的大部分时间，这是不是就是传说的永不日落的晚霞？ 准时到达莫斯科伏努科沃VKO机场，出关也很顺利。我们申请了俄罗斯过境证，机票就变为北京--莫斯科往返加莫斯科--法兰克福往返，在莫斯科中转不在同一个机场。今天我们要赶往圣彼得堡。 由于到达时间早，机场快线还没有开始，但第一班公交车611路刚好到达。语言不通，但手机里有莫斯科地铁的照片，拿给司机看，司机点头。莫斯科的公交车没有售票员，市民坐车基本都买公交卡，司机收了我们四人共100P，给一个卡。上车后，打卡才能通过类似公园大门的自动刷卡机进入车厢。来俄罗斯之前，也看过不少人写的游记，都说俄罗斯人粗野，警察也会找麻烦。在车上，小心翼翼的拿出提前打印好莫斯科地铁站名的纸片，与周围人询问下车的地方，还是有人会帮你，坐了将近一个小时，到站后，司机也喊我们该下车了。下公交车，坐红色地铁线去火车站。莫斯科的地铁致是一个红色大写的“M”字，下车后，远远就能看到。从莫斯科去圣彼得堡的火车站在莫斯科地铁红线的Комсомольской（中文叫共青团站）(红线跟环线的交叉站)站，这个站棕线上的站台很漂亮。 俄罗斯人大多数不会讲英语，去俄罗斯旅游，打印一些日常用语带在身边有很大的帮助。贴一些我找到的俄罗斯常用语。城市名字：1．莫斯科Москва 2．圣彼得堡Санкт-Петербург莫斯科景点：1．列宁墓 мавзолей ленина 2．圣瓦西里大教堂Храм Василия Блаженного 3．克林姆林宫Кремль 4．新圣女公墓Новодевичьекла́;дбище5．克里姆林宫Кремль6．红场 красная площадь 7．历史博物馆 Государственный Исторический музей 8．瓦西里升天大教堂 Храм Василия Блаженного9．地下商场Охотный ряд10广场манежная площадь 11．普希金造型艺术馆 Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина 12．大剧院Большой Театр (Bolishoi Teatr 13．跳蚤市场Вернисаж （Vernisaj ） 14．莫斯科大马戏团 Большой московский цирк 15.新圣女修道院Hоводевечий Монастырь 16特列季亚科夫画廊Государственная третьяковскаягалерея1．十月火车站МОСКВА ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ 2．库尔斯克火车站МОСКВА КУРСКАЯ3．雅罗斯拉夫火车站 МОСКВА ЯРОСЛАВСКАЯ 4．白俄罗斯火车站МОСКВА БЕЛОРУССКАЯ 5．地铁共青团站Комсомольской 6．圣彼得堡主火车站САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ-ГЛАВН.7．库尔斯克地铁站КУРСКАЯ 8．白俄罗斯地铁站БЕЛОРУССКАЯ9．起义广场地铁站Площадь Восстания10．游击队站（跳蚤市场）Партизанская 11．麻雀山站Воробьёвы горы12．大学站Университет 13．基督救世主教堂Храм ХристаСпасителя14．老阿尔巴特街Старая улица Арбат15．莫斯科的列宁格勒火车站： MOSKVA OKTYABR'SKAYA 16．全俄展览中心地铁站：ВДНХD．日常用语：1．地铁 метро2．入口 вход（夫货的） 3．出口 выход（威货的）4．售票处 касса5．票 билет 6．厕所 туалет（阿列特）7．谢谢 спасибо 8．对不起 извините9．火车站 вокзал；Железнодо10．公共汽车 автобус 11．退票 возврат билета.12．票数билет в Суздаль в13．时间 пожалуйста.14．银行банк（班克）15．注册就是暂住证регистрация 16．行李寄存处Камера хранения17．城际列车Пригородный поезд 18．直达谢尔盖耶夫的城际列车站Ярославский Вокзал 19．汽车站остановка 20．硬卧плацкарт, platzkart. 21．纯软卧那种мягкий22．软卧包厢купе(kupe)圣彼德堡景点： 1．彼得宫城（夏宫）Петродворец 2．普希金城（皇村）Царское Село3．巴甫洛夫斯克ПАВЛОВСК 4．克鲁泡特金地铁站Кропоткинская 5．叶卡捷琳娜宫ДворецЕкатерины 6．斯莫尔尼宫ДворецСмольный 7．滴血大教堂Спас на Крови 8．尤苏波夫宫Юсуповский дворец 9．彼得保罗要塞Петропавловская Крепость食物：1．红菜汤（罗宋汤）．Борщ 2鱼子酱Икра 3．煎饼Блины 4．烤肉Шашлык 5．克瓦斯Квас 6．三文鱼семга 7．某种红鳟鱼форель 8．少盐的слабосоленный 9．烟熏的подкопченный 10．矿泉水негазированный出地铁站首先看到的建筑。 回头看是地铁出站口。 这里有3个火车站（喀山，亚罗斯拉夫，列宁格勒），我们当时也不知道那个是去圣彼得堡的火车站，拿着打印好的纸片问旁边的警察，警察很热心的指给我们看对面。我拿出相机拍对面的火车站，把警察摄入也没有引起他的不满意。谁说莫斯科警察不好惹？ 我拍照时，一对年轻情侣过来主动要求拍照，并作出夸张的表情，与我们做友好的互动，霎时间，对莫斯科民众的那些不友好传说完全消失。 买票时得知，今天早晨去圣彼得堡的快速火车只有两趟车，现在已经没有票了，下午有一班车，只有几张剩票。赶紧掏钱买票。价格是真心贵。这就是我们不懂外文的弊病，如果能在国内提前在俄罗斯铁网上订票，不仅不会发生这样的事，价格还会便宜不少。 改变计划，先存包在火车站，在附近吃早饭，然后坐地铁去红场。 大街一角矗立着列宁的雕像。列宁是俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国（世界上第一个社会主义国家）的缔造者、布尔什维克党的创始人、十月革命的主要领导人、第一届苏维埃政府人民委员会主席。我在很小的时候就看过原苏联录制的描写列宁一生的电影----“列宁在1918”。如果没有列宁，苏联也可能会走向大部分欧洲皇家变革的君主立宪制。如果真是那样，世界的格局不知道要变成什么样子？ 莫斯科地铁票已经涨价。单次票40P。20次票540P，进入后，可以随意转车，也可以多人使用一张卡。 贴一张莫斯科地铁图和红场周围景点图。 莫斯科地铁车厢太落伍了，没有空调，上边有个小窗户开着，跑起来后声音震耳欲聋，倒是可以吹点凉风进来。中国中车可以打进俄罗斯市场，提供些现代化的车厢了。 车厢不怎么样，但地铁站太值好好看看了，索科尔站的苍穹顶、斯摩棱斯克站的圆柱式大厅、基辅站的巨大拱门大厅和巨型壁画(以十月革命为主)、白俄罗斯站的英雄群雕、诺沃斯洛波德站的民族风格壁画、普希金站诗一般的圣洁、高尔基站(现改名为特维尔站)的神韵，以及最美丽的被誉为“20世纪建筑艺术精品”的马雅可夫斯基站..... 坐地铁来到红场（Okhotnt ryad，红线，绿线，蓝线的交叉站）。红场的意思是“美丽的广场”，“红色”在俄语里包含“美丽”的意思。地面全部由条石铺成，既独特又显得古老而神圣。红场是莫斯科人的骄傲，它是莫斯科的中心广场，见证了莫斯科的历史变化。首先来到二战英雄朱可夫骑马的雕像前，他身后是国家历史博物馆。我们只有上午的一点时间，只能走马观花看看红场的外景了。 朱可夫骑马雕像的右前方是国家杜马。 国家博物馆的右边，在俄罗斯式的凯旋门前有一个蓝顶绿墙的小教堂，教堂门口有人围着的地上有个铜的圆环，这个就是莫斯科的市中心的志，站上去扔个硬币吧，据说是可以带来好运。([]
六天七夜中文字幕在线
吴明筠Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang"; means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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张芳坚※ 墨脱 ※ 普通人很少知道，圈子内很有名，中国最后一个不通车的县城。进入墨脱必须要翻越喜马拉雅山脉东南段的多雄拉雪山或嘎隆拉雪山，两座雪山终年积雪，冬季11月-6月更是深达数米难以逾越。中间还要穿越亚热带原始雨林、蚂蟥山、老虎嘴天险，克服高原反应、恶劣天气、艰险环境重重考验。正是这样一个充满神秘的地方，吸引了无数户外爱好者来挑战，徒步墨脱就成了中国十大经典徒步路线之首，绝对是对体力、意志的一种挑战。 ※ 行走墨脱，与生命交换了一次意见 ※ 这只是同行的一位大哥的感言而已！无需豪言壮语，我们只是跟随着前人的脚步，走了过来。之前看过不少攻略，也算是有备而来吧，也知道其不同季节不同天气有不同的困难。就便是登泰山也是如此，更何况是墨脱呢。今年雨季来得特别早，当地人说今年从2月就开始下雨，几乎一直没间断，对我们而言算是不幸呢还是幸运？塌方、泥石流可不是儿戏，这次有一名队员就是在塌方处被滚石砸中胳膊，好在不是很严重，而另一名队员的登山杖被泥石流带着去了印度。还有一条登山杖永远留在了嘎隆拉雪山上。 ※ 四海旅社曾眼镜※ 隐藏在云雾中的墨脱县城 ※ 一朵盛开的莲花，无数人带着自己的梦想追随到这里！ ※ 行程 ※ 几乎跟大多数人一样，先到拉萨，然后次日乘坐班车到八一，然后包车到派镇。 在拉萨住在了喜力家 -- 暮野驴社，见到不少8264的朋友倍亲切。 Ｄ１ 拉萨 -- 八一镇 -- 派镇 拉萨东郊客运站10点前随时有去八一的班车，票价100元、120元、140元、170元不等，我们坐的100元的大巴，中间在松多吃午餐。 下午5点多到达八一，接着在八一联系去派镇的班车，每人50元（人少不去，司机电话：13618940136），当晚8点多到达派镇。 派镇门票150元（有两种方法可逃票），我们住的是雅谷饭店，间每人25元。 Ｄ２ 派镇 -- 松林口 -- 多雄拉 -- 拉格 早上从派镇到松林口，可以让住宿的店老板帮着联系乘大卡车进山，很方便，每人30元，大约40分钟的路程。 徒步从松林口出发，翻越4221米的多雄拉山口，夏季可以不用请向导，下雪时还是很有必要。 体力好基本3小时内到山顶，再3小时能到拉格。我们7点20派镇出发，8点多到松林口开始徒步上山，10点30到山顶，下午1点30到拉格。 如果体力好，当天可以赶到汉密，门巴人就是当天去了汉密，哈哈！！当然我们不能光走路，还要拍照的嘛！ 拉格住绵阳吉祥客栈，所谓的客栈就是简易木板房(进墨脱的人多了，有人在半路建立了几间木板房)，70元/天，含晚餐和次日早餐。老板是绵阳人，老板娘是门巴人。 Ｄ３ 拉格 -- 大崖洞 -- 汉密 这段路相对最好走，没有岔路，原始森林里仅有的一条“水泥路”。最后到汉密时出现少量蚂蟥。一路原始森林，是俺迄今见过最原始的亚热带原始森林了。 一般中午在大崖洞吃饭，早上9点出发，下午4点30到达。 汉密住四海旅社曾眼镜那，也是70元/天，含晚餐和次日早餐，曾眼镜一个人在原始森林里呆了近10年，他自己就是一个传奇。 Ｄ４ 汉密 -- 阿尼桥 -- 二号桥 -- 三号桥 -- 解放大桥 -- 背崩 这段路是最危险，以前进墨脱失踪的人几乎都是在这段路出事，门巴人也传说中间有些灵异现象，要注意队员间一定不要拉开距离。 个人认为主要中间有几条岔路，走错了就是最大的麻烦。 其中一条岔路过阿尼桥20分钟后右侧河上有一座无名桥，不能走。过本桥大约10多分钟到达二号桥。 另一条岔路过2号桥20米，左侧向上去易工白，右侧向下去背崩。虽也有人经易工白、德兴到达过墨脱，但这段路难度要大很多。 第三个岔路就是快到3号桥的时候，走下到河底的路线到桥上。还要注意三号桥到解放大桥中间的塌方要小心通过。 背崩住宿也是70元/天，价格好像他们几个店家都协商好了的。 Ｄ５ 背崩 -- 亚让村 -- 墨脱县 这段路可以称高速公路了，可以通越野车。背崩属于和印度的边防线，这里有驻军。中间到亚让村之前拔高不大，从德兴大桥那里才开始拔高，估计半个小时到一个小时就上去。 上去就看到墨脱县城了，远看墨脱县城就是一朵隐藏在云雾中的莲花（建议次日早上再到这个位置拍一张）。 我们住在了著名的莲花大酒店，准间50元/人，条件不错。传说中的林业局招待所和政府招待所都满客！ 当晚在莲花大酒店边上找了一家做石锅鸡的店，名字叫天上人间，哈哈！天上人间到处都有哈。 Ｄ６ 休整 本来今天计划去仁钦崩寺-苯教的发源地，因为路途遥远加路途险恶未果。 Ｄ７ 墨脱 -- 马迪新村 -- 米日村 -- 113K -- 108K -- 100K -- 96K 从墨脱到80K的道路全部被大雨冲塌，必须徒步到80K，一般需要2天时间，先到108K、然后到80K再乘车到52K。 经过一天的休整体力不错，中午到了113K，就把第一天的计划调到100K，到100K后感觉时间还早，就又赶到了96K。 96K吃住条件稍差，我们就无所谓了。第一家老板是甘肃人，老板娘是藏族，自己都没得吃。最后住给了他10元，晚餐10元，早餐10元（都是面条）。 Ｄ８ 96K -- 80K -- 52K 继续出发，第一天多赶了路，这段较短相对轻松了不少。 夜里下了大雨，中间泥石流塌方严重，局部涉水深度达1米，也是最危险的路段，就是这段路上牺牲了一条登山杖。 从80K乘坐越野车直接到52K，每人200元，乘坐卡车每人100元，因为天气原因，那天简易路卡车都不能通行了。 住宿52K每人45元含两餐。 Ｄ９ 52K -- 嘎隆拉 -- 24K -- 波密 -- 八一镇 嘎隆拉隧道正在半山腰连夜施工，据说是8月份就打通了，以后出入墨脱就再不用翻嘎隆拉雪山了。 嘎隆拉从山顶直接滑下来很过瘾，上山用了2个半小时，下山用了1小时，都从垭口直接滑下来。滑出的雪槽已经有2-3米深了。哈哈！高山滑雪！ 24K直接乘坐越野车返回波密县，每人50元。到波密后立即乘坐班车返回八一，越野车每人150元，瑞风商务车有130元的。 晚上八一FB。 Ｄ１０ 八一镇 -- 拉萨 还是乘坐大巴班车返回拉萨，每人100元。回到出发的地方 -- 喜力家。晚上德吉路继续FB。装备使用情况在本帖子第61页有详细回答！ 全程无露营，全部住宿简易木板房客栈。费用明细供参考：23日拉萨站公交车12每人1元，大件行李1元喜力家住宿225每人25晚餐1136菜1汤24日早餐50拉萨八一大巴900每人100松多午餐1506菜1汤八一派镇班车450每人50派镇门票450每张150，买了3张，其他逃票派镇住宿225雅谷饭店晚餐1556菜1汤25日派镇早餐110面条+抄手松林口大卡车270每人3026日拉格630每人吃住70，酒另买27日汉密630每人吃住70，酒另买28日背崩630每人吃住70，酒另买墨脱石锅鸡520酒另买29日午餐1806菜1汤酒另买晚餐1706菜1汤酒另买住宿900每人50两天10030日96K吃住275酒另买31日80K午餐18080K包车1800每人20052K吃住405每人451日24K乘车450每人50波密八一班车1240八一晚餐305酒另买2日八一拉萨班车810每人90松多午餐140拉萨晚餐284(7人) 酒另买拉萨住宿225每人25※ 一行９人在墨脱县莲花广场合影 从左到右：兔子、没钱不帅、林海雪原、风萧萧、飞鸟、开心笑、临渊羡鱼、边界、虎狼漫步 ※ 天路 ※ 5月21日，我们一行9人踏上了西行的列车，经过50多个小时于23日晚到达圣城拉萨，一座天堂里的城市。平均海拔4000多米的青藏高原充满了神奇，昆仑山、唐古拉山、念青唐古拉山，还有美丽的青海湖、可可西里、那曲草原。雪山脚下，天地之间，藏羚羊、黄羊、野驴、牦牛一路相伴。云那么白，天那么蓝！虽不是第一次进藏，可看到这高原美景就忍不住拿出相机咔嚓个不停。大脑也随之开始兴奋...※ 有一种色彩叫深蓝※ 天路 ※ 从上车一直到格尔木才拿出相机，走出站台感受一下高原的晨曦，顺便和列车合影一张，哈哈※ 天路 ※ 青藏铁路格（尔木）拉（萨）段，中间越过昆仑山、可可西里、长江源头、唐古拉山、那曲草原、念青唐古拉山。这一段是青藏铁路最美的一段，雪山、白云、绿草之间有黄羊、羚羊、牦牛、野驴一路相伴。※ 车窗外的雪山※ 天路 ※ 可可西里，野马？野驴？看着像驴，据说是藏野马！哈哈※ 天路 ※ 坐在车窗前，望着车窗外的白云，列车上播放着歌颂高原的曲子...我们一路来到拉萨※ 天路 ※ 坐着火车去拉萨，对我来说只有这样才能感觉到是真正的旅行。※ 天路 ※ 天是那么的宽，地是那么的广※ 天路 ※ 翻过了唐古拉山※ 天路 ※ 这是一条通往天堂的路※ 天路 ※ 青藏铁路※ 天路 ※ 青藏铁路、青藏公路交汇处※ 到达拉萨 ※ 到了拉萨当然要去喜力家的暮野驴社看看啦，哈哈！整体感觉不错。从火车站乘坐89路公交车1元到人民体育场下车，小胡同进30米就到了，很好找。距离大昭寺很近，不过从大昭寺到暮野方向感不是很强的人就可能麻烦些了。 光头大厨炒的东北菜挺适合山东人口味，嘿嘿，这是实话！※ 大昭寺广场的柱子， 从喜力家楼顶能清楚看见它和布达拉宫。※ 到达拉萨 ※ 从大昭寺去喜力家，一个比较好的方法：面向玛吉阿米左侧的路一直下去，看到清真寺右侧回拐30米即可到达。很遗憾喜力家楼上没有挂个牌子，初次过去的话可能还是不知所措！※ 从拉萨到派镇 ※ 派镇，是公路的终点，也是徒步的起点，也是雅鲁藏布江大峡谷的入口点。5月24日，早上从拉萨东郊客运站乘上到八一的班车，一路沿着拉萨河逆流而上，中午翻过米拉山口。米拉山口海拔5013米，是拉萨河与尼洋河的分水岭，不同的是拉萨河向西流，尼洋河向东流，相同的是都汇入雅鲁藏布江。过米拉山口之后，景色完全变了，顺美丽的尼洋河而下，两边森林植被明显增多，一山四季垂直分布，景色美丽至极。到达八一镇后立即包车连夜赶往派镇，司机告诉我们，一黑龙江女孩10天前在去墨脱的路上失踪，一两天前有农民工冻死在嘎隆拉山上（据说临死前嘴里还叼着一颗香烟）。司机师傅嘱咐我们在林芝机场检查站不要说去墨脱（否则不让进），说是去直白看南迦巴瓦峰。晚上我们在司机的推荐下入住雅谷饭店，并为我们联系好了去松林口的卡车。 夜里下了很大的雨，好在次日转晴，否则是不能上山了。5月25日，搭上联系好的卡车，一路碎石路拔高而上，山路颠簸如坐过山车。雅鲁藏布江大峡谷云雾弥漫如仙境一般，可惜没能腾出手拍下一张照片，就这样跟一路美景擦肩而过。一路拔高到松林口下车后又开始下起小雨，冲锋衣、雨衣、绑腿打好上山。山下面下雨，上面下雪，而阻挡在我们面前的是海拔4221米的多雄拉雪山。 没的选择，进墨脱就必须要越过他，从松林口出发。。。※ 318国道米拉山口上的经幡※ 从拉萨到派镇 ※ 5月24日沿着318国道赶往八一镇，318国道就是川藏南线，可以称之为中国最美景观大道。很羡慕那些川藏线上的骑行者！他们从成都到拉萨一般需要骑行２０多天，很佩服！梦想着将来也有一天自己也能从成都骑行到拉萨一趟。 ※ 从拉萨到派镇 ※ 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郭子扬百闻不如一见，不去印度走走，就不能了解这个国家的真面貌。21天时间虽然短，走了11个城市，穿越了广大农村，尽管对印度只有肤浅的了解(我们几乎和印度人没有真正的交流)，但仍留下了极深的印象。印度古代文化辉煌灿烂，保留下来的古迹在世界上独一无二，大概这是吸引世界各国游客的主要原因。印度百姓对游客的热情超出预料。城市繁华地区非常拥挤，基础设施落后，普遍人多的地方很脏。 这位先生左手抓住火车门把手，探身到车窗前试意让我们给他拍照。泰姬陵下可爱的印度小姑娘第一次乘火车遇到的印度baby从孟买开始，我们的行迹。我们七人中我的机票是最后买的，反而最便宜，天津到印度往返共2800元人民币。转机期间在吉隆坡逛街 来到印度上空 初识孟买孟买的火车站大楼是世界文化遗产 阳光照在孟买车站大楼的玻璃窗上 印度第一餐 在印度门前合影的小学生 孟买紧邻阿拉伯海海岸大堤上有许多年轻人年轻人喜欢被拍照第一次坐火车从孟买到奥兰加巴德，老王在国内网上买的普通硬座车票，相当拥挤，这段旅程让大家充分体验了快乐。车顶的风扇密度大，可以想像夏天之炎热。拥挤超过了中国春运，印度人习惯了图中这么坐，曾有人想坐到我们脚前。给带小孩儿的妇女让座，这个小傢伙给大家带来了欢乐，流轮抱。老王贺老李得贵子，说老李：八十八，还结瓜。埃洛拉石窟位于奥兰加巴德西北约25至30公里处，有34座的石窟，佛教石窟共12座，印度教石窟有17座，耆那教石窟有5座，全长约2公里，是公元7世纪至11世纪时期，也就是早期遮娄其王朝、罗湿陀罗拘陀王朝时期的宗教建筑，埃洛拉以雕刻著称，形式上呈现大乘佛教末期的特征。其中第16窟凯拉萨神庙，呈现出天人合一的完美景致，堪称建筑艺术史上的绝色，令人叹为观止。因为只有一天时间，我们没有参观更远的阿旃陀石窟。 埃洛拉第16窟凯拉萨神庙 从8世纪中期，一位石匠用凿子开凿岩壁开始，到今后的100多年，在德干高原一块独体巨石之上，耗费上百年的岁月和几代人的人生，用纯手工雕刻出来一个巨大的寺庙。看到这些人工的杰作，我的感受就是震撼，来印度哪怕就看这一个景点也值了。(照片中红箭头指处是岩壁上的一个大蜂巢) 岁月侵蚀使雕塑残破，但仍能看出其风采。 人物形象栩栩如生 夕阳照耀第16窟 这个小朋友也许在感受神的力量... 第16窟凯拉萨神庙属印度教，神宙最高点这个雕塑觉得是印度教膜拜的“林迦”。 印度的庙宇及街头随处可见的，就是供奉着代表湿婆大神的“林迦”，而人形的湿婆像反而很少见。林迦一般呈勃起状，以代表女性生殖器的“约尼”为底座。不了解林迦，就很难了解印度教的特色。 我觉得宗教在印度在一定程度上起着负面作用，由于印度教生殖崇拜，造成计划生育很难实现。具说印度目前人口达11亿。 圆形的花瓣托起四个神兽，不知道是什么寓意，极其壮观。 设计这个石窟的人一定是艺术大师，技术大家，也许这是集体创作所成。 匆匆看过埃咯拉古窟，当晚乘大巴第二天清晨回到孟买，住了两天，旅馆紧邻市中心泰姬玛哈大饭店,2008年11月这个饭店遭恐怖分子袭击，许多人遇难。在去象山岛的船上看印度门和泰姬玛哈大酒店。 印度门到象山岛约12公里，岛上有若干个石窟。有点象敦煌石窟石柱尾随渡船的海鸥争抢游客抛到空中的食物 在渡船上拍照，印度门是当年为迎接英王来访而建，现在成了志性建筑；印度门上方的刻字。回到孟买，多次路过艺术博物馆，这座建筑外形对人很有吸引力，离开孟买那天去参观，不巧那天闭馆。 孟买大学旧址 孟买大学旧址 盆中花参观结束我们来到城堡旁一个超五星级在饭店内休息的林总、老金，这两位的英文超棒，使我们一路过关斩将，问路、住宿、吃饭、买车票较顺利。这个美丽的泳池提高了饭店的档次 这次出游大家在一起交流摄影技术，常提的一个词就是“色温”，老林还常把色温的的色念成三声的“SHAI”。夕阳照耀下的... 从城堡出来走在小镇上，商店外摆着五颜六色的女鞋。 傍晚，乘船游小湖，阳光照在湖面上，一片红霞。 在乌代浦尔游玩一天，晚上坐大巴赶往第四座城市斋浦尔。夜里发生了小悲剧，一个急刹车，正在换衣服的老金猝不及防，摔倒头撞在棱角上，头顶正中破了一个约七厘米的口子，鲜血流了许多。老林让司机紧急就地找医院。汽车开了约一刻钟停在路边，黑暗中，老林我和几印度人陪老金到卫生所就医。医生的作法让我目瞪口呆，他也不洗手，简单处理一下，脏手拿着针就要缝，我真是无语了... 简单包扎后，我们上车了，决定到斋浦尔找一个最好的医院治疗。 照片正中就是医生，象是乡镇卫生院大夫，感觉有点象我国文革中的赤脚医生。唉，他们的卫生习惯啊！ 汽车开到斋浦尔时天已经亮了，安排好住宿，老金老林我乘TUTU车来一家全市最好的医院。这里干净整洁，医生护士温文尔雅（这是一家私人医院，美国人推荐到这里就医）。照片中的女医生为老金做了缝合手术，并打了破伤风针。 手术后去看门诊大夫，约定换药次数和时间。印度医院的诊室布局和中国还是有区别的，墙上书架摆满了医书。后来问老金为什么这些医生都这么儒雅，老金说他们都是从海外学成回来的医生。 老林是老金的中学同学和兵团战友兼铁哥们儿，手术中他痛心的说：本来挺高兴的出来玩，没想到出这事，回去怎么和老金夫人交待啊! 不行你们去玩吧，我和老金去新德里坐飞机回北京。老林的话很感人，患难见真情。手术成功后，大家都十分高兴，兴奋的开始了斋浦尔之旅。 包了送老金去医院那位司机的TUTU车，参观的第一景点是位于市中心的城市宫殿。 城市宫殿City Palace是一座由当时的印度王公萨瓦伊·斋·辛格二世于1726年建造的宫殿。这座装饰精美的7层建筑，现在仍然是印度王公的住所，其中一部分已被改建为博物馆。在这里您可以真实地亲身感受王公生活的奢华。 侍者站立处是一个极其精美华丽的孔雀门参观和城市宫殿相邻的斋浦尔天文台(Jantar Mantar)。斋·辛格二世建造的三座天文台（另外还有德里、瓦拉纳西的两处）中，斋浦尔的这座规模最为巨大。也是现在唯一还在使用的天文台。 这里是世界文化遗产。参观第3个景点是象背上的山城—琥珀宫(Amber Palace),TUTU车吃力的翻过一个陡坡来到城堡脚下。建在山丘之上的这座宫殿，地势远远高于周围其他城市。16世纪建成时，是当时卡奇瓦哈家族王国的首都。 沿着曲折的路步入城堡内，里面有一个大院子。宫殿几乎全部由石材建成精美的装饰图案令人目不暇接石柱建筑华美到了极致；后来老林说过一段话：“其实印度人很纠结，印度人大部分信奉印度教，但拿得出手给人看的古迹大都是伊斯教保留下来的。 ”城堡维修工人城堡下的小湖 屋顶的图案很华美正下方拍不全，只能斜着照一张。([]
未成年人禁止观看污染
高涵中注：为便于浏览，请点击下方的“只看该作者”。（恭喜此帖在“新年贺岁帖”评比活动中荣获一等奖）上篇：寻龙记 我常被一个问所困扰：对于人类的信仰，是真实存在的？还是虚无缥缈的？有人信奉如来观音弥勒佛；有人信奉上帝耶稣玛利亚；有人信奉狐仙关公灶王爷，有人信奉安拉胡大信天使。这些，到底哪个才是正根儿呢？要说无神论，那许多的灵异事件和民间巫术，却又为什么不能用科学来解释呢？ 相信很多人都曾遇到过类似的事：一些善良诚实的老人或者山民，一辈子都没说过谎话，但却誓言旦旦的说他们遇到过不可思议的东西。对此，我一直抱着怀疑的态度，而上次的鬼宅探秘，发生了让人难以置信的灵异事件，更激发了我探索未知的欲望！我和娟子的探险系列：业余选手三探雨扇洞： https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1872892-1-1.html疯狂情侣再入深山冒险——探寻地狱中的宫殿。附多种洞穴生物！（毒帖，切勿模仿）：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1895956-1-1.html一路上有你，凶险的探寻之旅我没有一丝恐惧（孤岛烟儿炮鬼吹灯+鬼宅探秘）贺岁帖 ：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1988167-1-1.html我很喜欢在闲暇时间查阅一些神秘的地方和事件，如果有机会，我和娟子两人必要一探究竟。很久前就曾在网上看过两条这样的信息： 这两个帖子，有时间地点人物事件经过，而且还有很多目击者，不容得人不信。我去过很多农村，从东北到江南，无一例外，都有龙的传说。而且还有很多人自称亲眼见过。 龙，在中国传统文化中是权势、高贵、尊荣的象征，又是力量和无敌的志。 而在西方文化中，龙是一种凶暴的怪兽生巨翅,披鳞甲,有利爪,头小腹大,形象狰狞、丑陋;有飞翔、喷火、守财、护宝、破坏、吃人等习性;寓意天人对立,主要象征争战、灾难、恐怖;少有正面形象,主要象征邪恶。 无论是中国龙，还是西方龙，虽然都有很多目击者，但却无有一丝证据。这种神秘的巨兽是否真的存在，谁也解答不了。有幸，湖北赤壁的好友，约请我和娟子去做客，正好借此机会，我俩可以去探一探这个恐怖的洞穴。 我和娟子从相识到相知，四年半的光阴岁月，无数次的化险为夷，让我俩的感情愈加牢固，也让我俩开了眼界，长了见识，学到了很多在理论中学不到的东西。一个女汉子+一个男屌丝，两人连年的在草高林密的崇山峻岭中探险，光凭胆识远远不够，更多的是需要经验和运气。 在这里，我给亲爱的驴友们一点提示：户外运动风险级别高的，尽量不要轻易挑战。如果喜欢探洞，可以选择一些已经探明而且难度不大的洞穴，在探洞之前，多学习一些和洞穴有关的知识，装备很重要，最好有向导，至少三人以上团队，洞口有接应人员。我和娟子虽然也懂这些，但克制不住内心冒险的欲望，虽然积累了一点探洞经验，但像我俩这样，风险系数还是很大，所以请大家以我俩为戒，切勿效仿！ 唉！每个帖子前面，都啰哩啰唆一大堆，继续下去没个头，赶紧转入正。 2013与2014的交接之日，我和娟子来到了位于湖北省赤壁市中伙铺镇一个叫莲花塘的小山村。好友的家依山傍水，风景秀丽。晚上吃饭的时候，好友叮嘱我俩说，天黑以后不能再出门，山里有不干净的东西，容易迷人。一切都入乡随俗吧，当晚听了好友的劝告，又详细的询问了去往纸棚郑家的路线，画好地图，就休息了。 第二天一大早，借了好友家的一辆摩托车，我和娟子就出发了。没想到山里的雾气这么大，能见度只有不足十米，只能慢慢的摸索前行。 途中摔倒在一滩烂泥中，苦了娟子，从摩托车后座上掉下去，腿都跪到了泥里。我还好，腿长站住了哈哈。 幸亏我和娟子两人穿的都是滑雪裤，防风防水效果很好。找到了一条小河，用湿毛巾擦了半天，就恢复如初了。 路上没有行人，沿途的几个小山村也几乎见不到人影。想打听一下路真是困难。终于在这个房子前看到了一个中年人，向他问路，他还不会说普通话，费了好大的劲儿，我才知道那个神秘的洞穴就在后面的山中。 太阳出来了，慢慢驱散了浓雾。这里也是典型的喀斯特地貌，弃车徒步，山里的轮廓依稀可辨。虽然山路难行，但正好运动一下，身上也能暖和暖和。 又见到一个砍柴的山民，再次询问了一下，确定了方位，终于在半山腰一片杂草丛中看到了洞口！ 我和娟子奋力爬了上去，向黑漆漆的洞里观察，里面寂静无声。这个神秘而又恐怖的洞穴，会有什么等待我俩呢？进洞之前，我问娟子怕不怕，女汉子依旧坚定的摇头。简单准备了一下照明工具及绳索，深吸几口气，我俩就小心的踏入洞穴。 户外运动在大多数人的眼中是高山、白云、绿地、丛林……的代名词,是一项充满了阳光、鸟语、花香、活力与激情的运动。然而探洞者却用一种另类的玩法诠释户外运动,向我们展示了坚忍不拔、勇于探索的户外精神。我和娟子属于业余选手，装备和人员配备的不足，都足以致命。每次探洞，我俩都只能依靠经验和洞穴知识来保护自己，尽量的预见危险，躲避危险。这片未知的领域中，对我俩充满了诱惑，这些是很多人不能体验到的。 娟子戴的摩托车头盔是半覆式的，视线开阔。 而我戴的摩托车头盔，是全覆式的，眼睛只能看到正前方，但上下左右的视线都被遮挡，所以只能把头盔扔在洞外了。一切加倍小心吧，免得撞个头破血流。 脚下虽不平坦，但也可以勉强行进。在强光手电的光柱照射下，前面除了黑，就是一片雾茫茫。我不知道洞穴中哪个方位是东南角，不过还是按照鬼吹灯的老规矩，点燃一支蜡烛。仔细观察，火苗没有变化，燃烧正常，证明洞穴内的空气流通较好。然后收了蜡烛，绷紧神经，高度集中注意力，继续向深处走去。 沿途的洞道，还算宽阔。脑海里不禁想起人们所说这个洞穴中的两条巨龙，心里也有一丝忐忑。在洞口的时候，我就问过娟子：“如果真的遇到了龙，怎么办？” 女汉子轻描淡写的回答说：“那就认命吧！” 是啊，要是真的遇到了，除了认命，还有别的可以选择吗？ 洞内的雾气明显比外面的雾气还要浓，湿度也很大，这是由于洞内外巨大的温差造成的。如果继续深入，雾气就会逐渐消失。洞腔上布满了密密麻麻的正在发育的鹅管，饱含碳酸钙的水，一滴一滴落下来，给这寂静黑暗的世界带来了一丝生机。 洞道一直向下延伸，从钙华的发育生长来看，没有人类破坏的迹象，这一点让我和娟子非常欣慰。应该是恐怖的传说，洞穴才能得以保存完好。 我俩也非常小心，除了脚印，尽量不给洞穴留下任何痕迹。 沿途的支洞，有大有小，有深有浅，我俩只是简单看一眼，就继续顺着主通道前行。我和娟子在探洞方面，积累了一点经验，如果不是特别相似的岔路，一般不做记。 在进入洞穴大概三四百米处，我突然发现有绿色植物！不可能啊！没有一丝光线的洞穴中，怎么会有绿色植物呢？ 我蹲下身，仔细观察，认出这是几株菖蒲。菖蒲，为多年水生草本植物，该物种为中国植物图谱数据库收录的有毒植物，其毒性为全株有毒，根茎毒性较大。口服多量时会产生强烈的幻视。呵呵，鬼吹灯第一部——精绝古城中的尸香魔芋我没发现，却在这洞里发现了菖蒲，毕竟这两种植物，都有相似之处啊。 我和娟子曾在洞穴最深处，发现过透明植物，无枝叶，却开花。所以说，每次的探险，都能有新的发现，都能学到新的知识，这也是我俩热衷于此的原因。 就在距离这几株菖蒲不远处，又发现了一根动物的腿骨！很粗很大，不是人类的，应该是牛马之类的动物骨骸。其实在洞穴中发现这种东西并不稀奇，但这个洞穴既然有巨蟒的传闻，就不禁让人紧张了。由于我的相机，刚进洞的时候，镜头上了一层雾，拍照不是很清楚，所以我打算回来的时候再拍这根腿骨，可惜的是，回来的时候竟然忘了，遗憾啊！ 继续向前走吧。眼前的雾气逐渐消退，视线变的清晰起来。我再次点燃蜡烛，火苗依旧没有变化。巨大的钟乳石开始出现，钙华发育多种多样，这让我和娟子很高兴。 这里出现了第一个洞厅，面积大概有近百平方。洞穴一般由狭窄的通道和宽敞的洞厅组成。大厅往往是几条通道相会的地方，且乱石密布。从通道进大厅容易，从大厅找通道口难。所以，当从一条狭窄的通道进入一个宽敞的洞厅时，一般都要在入口处作好反光路。不过这个洞厅的支洞在洞穴上方，所以我也没有必要做记了。 在神秘的洞中穿行，总是有独特的异景。 有活矫捷现的钟乳石，有各类的石笋石花色如白玉，质如凝脂；有壮美的洞窟瀑布，有神秘的洞中湖、洞中泉，雾气弥漫有如仙境。置身在这神奇的世界中，会使人忘了危险的存在。 一只纯黑色的，巨大的蝙蝠，孤单单的悬吊在洞壁边。我和娟子在三探雨扇洞的时候，曾遭到一只巨大蝙蝠的攻击，那只蝙蝠展开双翼能达到近一米！娟子眼疾手快的抢拍下来了。 这只蝙蝠的个头也不小，身长大概二十多厘米，如果张开翅膀，也会很惊人！平时我和 娟子探洞所见的蝙蝠都是灰色的果蝠，而这只蝙蝠明显不同于其他果蝠，应该属于食肉蝠。我慢慢靠近它，打开闪光灯近摄了一张，还好没惊动它，蝙蝠所携带的狂犬病毒可不是闹着玩儿的！ 探洞的危险性，主要表现在地下水暴涨、毒气、迷路、野外动物以及洞顶落石等，所以，每一次探洞，都需要做足安全保障。同时探洞是技术性很强的活动，是对体能、技巧、经验等各方面最全面的体现，洞穴探险不像登山运动那样有终点目，甚至不知道等在旅途前面的是惊人的发现，还是艰难的挑战，这种未知性就是洞穴探险的最大魅力。洞穴探险可以分为两种：即水洞探险和干洞探险。 水洞的探险：水洞，是指洞内有常年地下水流的岩溶洞穴。水洞中探险有两种。一种是在地下廊道里有自由水面。一种情况是洞道没顶，全部充水或倒缸吸管。 干洞的探险：干洞是脱离了自由水面的化石洞，发育在地势较高的地方，发育的历史较长，洞内往往被各种多彩多姿的钟乳石所装饰。 目前我和娟子还不能确定这个洞穴到底属于哪一种类型，不过这个洞穴系统还是比较复杂。([]
教我快乐的继姆中文
蔡雅盛十五天游历了欧洲大小十国。荷兰—— 比利时—— 法国—— 卢森堡—— 德国—— 瑞士—— 列支敦士登—— 奥地利—— 意大利—— 梵蒂冈。哈哈，我自己都感到迷惑，十个国家十四个城市。阿姆斯特丹、布鲁塞尔、巴黎、卢森堡、法兰克福、（海德堡）、琉森、列支敦士登、慕尼黑、菌斯布鲁克、威尼斯、罗马、梵蒂冈、佛罗伦萨、米兰。走马观花，浮光掠影，除了三飞，汽车行程四千多公里。城市的繁荣我无动于衷，悠久历史留下的艺术作品，人文景观让人震撼。但对我来讲，收获最大的还是这四千多公里，让我饱尝眼福，见识了欧洲超美丽的自然风光。还是那句话，风景在路上。原以为，只有高原才有的兰天白云，在欧洲天天见到。在川藏南线左贡到芒康的“卡均”，草甸、牧场、森林，美不胜收，殊不知这种风光在瑞士沿途尽是，好几天都车行在无限的美景中。这次旅行我最大的收益是这4000多平里。虽然同车40人都在行走，可认真关注窗外的人只有我。大巴车一路奔驰，再好的风景也不会停车。加之团员们上车就关好窗帘睡觉，我睁大眼睛也无法看到前面，风景一闪而过，非常遗憾，错失了很多美景。本来摄影技术有限；加上密封窗，头手伸不出去；到景点时间非常有限；挤在人缝中拍照；像机不专业，没有三角架；这次照片质量不好，许多都歪歪斜斜，删掉了1/3的照片，心痛啊，不可复制。看过哈总欧洲的照片，差别太大了。作为辛勤劳动的回报，还是想与大家分享，鼓起勇气，发贴，谢谢大家浏览。 十五天走了太多的地方，脑子里很混乱，几千张照片还需分门别类，慢慢上贴。也许地点与照片不符，请指正，谢谢。(上图为巴黎艾菲尔铁塔，下图为瑞士琉森的廓桥) 阿姆斯特丹 —— 美好与罪恶并存的城市 阿姆斯特丹，荷兰的首都，荷兰最大的城市和第二大港口，人口约71万，阿姆斯特丹是座水城，河网交错，河道纵横，被称作为“北方威尼斯”。提起阿姆斯特丹，就想到了：风车、乳酪、钻石、木鞋、喜力啤酒、郁金香、雏菊花海，春天里的阿姆斯特丹更是花的海洋。阿姆斯特丹的早晨 这里街道很干净，人、车很很少。在欧洲都是有轨电车，人们都骑自行车，市内停放自行车的地方很特别。 停放自行车的"高架桥" 街景 环绕阿姆斯特丹的运河 兰色、红色、绿色的各式小楼房，可爱极了。这里曾有个古老奇怪的法律，门越大交税越多。所以阿姆斯特丹住房的门都很小，而窗很大，家具都是从窗口吊运进去的。所有的楼房顶部都有数个伸出的铁钩子，以固定吊运物品所用的绳索。 正当我们在鲜花盛开的房前拍照，窗口出现了一位老人，慈眉善目的向我们招手微笑，还与我们合照。 正当欧洲杯，到处挂满了足球、花环、小旗，十分热闹。 刚进入阿姆斯特丹，我非常喜欢这个古老、宁静、花团锦簇的城市，可到了红灯区，听到看到后，感觉十分厌恶。这是个美好与罪恶并存的地方，糜艳奔放的红灯区丹拉克大街，橱窗女郎，性博物馆，把性、性交赤裸裸的表现出来了，让人毛骨悚然。在荷兰，榜“自由开放”的法律，使得“合法的性交易”、“合法的大麻贩卖”得到保障，它也是世界上第一个使同性恋婚姻合法化的国家。在这里，可以公开吸大麻 ； 妓女有营业执照、执证上岗；可以光明正大的嫖娼。 性博物馆我们没有参观，丹拉克大街也是清早去的，让女人亲眼目睹那些……，会有些难堪，也许对男人更有诱惑力。这里的红灯区在欧洲是最著名的，比泰国的红灯区“极别高”，许多男人专门为此到阿姆斯特丹。（网络也许不让上这些照片，上一张组照吧） 谢谢所有关注及留言的朋友们。发贴时还忐忑不安，摄影水平太低，与哈总的照片相比差距太大了。你们给了我信心，"本色出演" 哈，我也再返走一趟欧洲。4000多公里，路景太美了。我每天睁大眼睛，贪婪地注视着窗外，拍下这些照片，质量不太好，但是真实的欧洲自然风光。不好意思，拙品。因为旅行，工作积累太多，照片也多，只有慢慢上，请原谅。 在距阿姆斯特丹10公里的桑斯安斯风车村，是个美丽宁静的乡村。保留了三座木制风车，还有十几座荷兰风格的木建筑。当和煦的春风吹动着屹立了几百年的风车时，我想起了“堂吉诃德”手持长矛与风车的博斗。可别小看这个美丽而宁静的小乡村，彼得大帝曾经在这里学习过造船，拿破仑也曾赞美过这里的美景。当然，也是旅游团必到之地。 小树被立型成了这样 荷兰造型朴拙的木鞋，世界闻名。木鞋起源于数百年前，由于荷兰低地雨水多，户外工作的人们都会穿上木鞋，既可保暖又可保持干爽。五光十色的各式木鞋挂满了商店，旅游的人都会买些各式木鞋装饰品作为礼物送人。这是从古到今的朩鞋，刚开始没有颜色现今五光十色的各式木鞋 每个进入风车村的人，都会被拍照。打印后放在门口，10欧拿走。 网络资料 沃伦丹也称福伦丹，离阿姆斯特丹约20公里的车程，是艾瑟湖边一个小渔村。从前，当艾瑟湖还是个海湾的时候，这里的人们都是以打鱼为生。后来荷兰人为抵挡洪水，在北面建起了拦海大堤，海湾也变成了现在的艾瑟湖。打鱼的人渐渐少了，蜂拥而至的游人使这里成为荷兰北部的一个旅游镇,它也是到阿姆斯特丹旅客顺道游的必经之地。称它为奇迹小镇是因为，沃伦丹是围海造出来的小镇。这里风光秀丽，湖水宁谧，阿姆斯特丹人周末会来度假，也有很多城里人到这里买房子。 ([]
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